FOX PRO 2.6 LEARNING training

Fox-pro Programming 2.6

Foxpro for MS-DOS - Basic FoxPro 2.6 Commands
with Ayaz Ahmed Leghari
D.G.Khan Ph:0336-7000314

FoxPro is SEMI-RDBMS
Unlike other RDBMS systems, in FoxPro each database can contain only one table.
Hence, the single table is called as database in this tutorial

In FoxPro, first four characters of any command is enough to execute

For e.g.:- crea ==> create

1. TO OPEN A DATABASE:

Syn:

use <dbname>

Ex:

use book

2.TO CLOSE THE DATABASE:

Use

To close the current opened database.

Close all

To close the all opened database.

3. To CREATE NEW DATABASE:

Syn:
crea <dbname>

create <dbname>

Ex:

crea book

4. To Modify Structure of the Database:

Modify structure

(Or)

Modi stru

5. To add new records in database

Append is used to add the new record.

Syn:

append

[Blank]

[From <dbname>]

Append
Append Blank
- To add blank records.
Append from first.dbf
- To add the records from FIRST.DBF to SECOND.DBF
- Same Structure is required for these databases

6. To display the records in the current database

Used to display the particular record.

Syn:

Display

[All]

[Structure]

[Status]

[Memory]

Ex:

Display
Display All
Display All Records in page wise.

7. To Display the structure of the database:

Display Structure

8. To display the status of the set commands:

Display Status

9. To display the status of the system memory variables.

Display Memory

10. To view the status bar

Set stat on

11. To edit records

EDIT

- It list all the records one by one for editing.

Any one of the record can be edited using 'FOR' as below

EDIT FOR empname = "LEELA"

EDIT FOR rollno = 103

12. To delete records

DELETE

- To delete current record

DELETE NEXT 4

- To delete next 4 records

After using the delete command the records marked with * (asterisk) mark, i.e., marked for deletion.

RECALL

- It is used to recover the deleted records.

e.g. RECALL

RECALL NEXT 4

PACK

- To delete the records permanently. It is used after the delete command.

BLANK

- It can be used to empty the record instead of deleting.

13. To delete all the records in the current database

ZAP

14. Navigation with Records

GO or GOTO both do the same things in Foxpro.

GO TOP

Used to move the record pointer at the first record.

GO BOTTOM:

Used to move the record point at the last record.

To go to a particular record

Syn:- GO <recordno>

Eg:- GO 8

Go to record 8

SKIP

- To skip number of records

e.g. To skip 3 records - SKIP 3

15. To List the records

LIST - To list the records in screen, not in window

It can be used with condition as below:

LIST for val(price) > 100

LIST itemname, price+20

- This command lists item name with price rupees 20 added. The changes are applied only to the view, it not saved in database.

LIST product, price*2

- price is multiplied with 2.

16. To view the records as manipulatable view

BROWSE - To browse the records

BROWSE NOEDIT - To browse the records in read only view, The records can be marked for deletion using Ctrl + T shortcut

BROWSE NODELETE - To avoid deleting while browsing the records

17. To display current record number

?RECNO()

18. To display the dbf files in the current directory

DIR

19. Hide or Show heading in list view

SET HEADINGS OFF

SET HEADINGS ON

20. Printing

SET PRINT ON

- This command sends the out put to printer

- To stop this use the command SET PRINT OFF

SET PRINTER TO LPT1

- To set the output printing port to LPT1

21. Handling date and date format

To display current system date

?DATE()

To set century on to display year in 4 digits.

SET CENTURY ON

SET CENTURY OFF

To set date format

dd/mm/yyyy => SET DATE BRIT

mm/dd/yyy => SET DATE AMERICA

yyyy/mm/dd => SET DATE JAPAN

22. Replace command

To replace the content of the specified field in the database table. i.e., This command can be used to remove the data in the particular field (nullifying / empty a field)

e.g.

REPLACE fieldname WITH ""

- To replace with null value

REPLACE fieldname WITH { / / }

- To replace the date field with null value

REPLACE ALL QUANTITY WITH 0

- Replaces the data in the quatity fied with 0 in all the records.

REPLACE ALL PRICE WITH PRICE+50

- Adds 50 to the price field.

23. Blank

To blank some or all the fields in the current record.

BLANK

- To blank all the fields in the current record

BLANK FIELDS <field1>, <field>

- To blank specified fields in the current record

PROGRAM
A Program is a set of instructions used to achieve the desired output.

To create new program or to edit the existing one.
MODI COMM
OR MODIFY COMMAND <PRGRAM_NAME>
NOTE command
            If ignore the particular line or command, NOTE can be used at the beginning of that line.
Comment Line
            To add comments to the right of the Programming code , use &&
Clear All Command
            This command is used to closes all databases files and releases all active memory variables, arrays menus or popup.
Input / Output command
                         ? | ?? | ??? [expr1?]
?      - To print the expression in new line
??    - To print the expression in the same line
???  - The Output will going to the printer
Example:
          ? "Hellow!"
Sample Program
            NOTE prg for just print something on the screen
Clear           && To Clear the Screen or previous outputs
?"Welcome"
?"Hellow!"
?? " World...!"
??? "Thank you”

Writing Programs
* FoxPro has powerful built-in editor for writing    and editing.
* It can be invoked from the command window by   using the MODIFY COMMAND.
Syntax:
            MODIFY COMMAND <prenames>
Example:
    Modify Command journal
    (This program will automatically save with the      extension .PRG)
Press CTRL + W - To save and close the program window
Executing Program
            Programs can be executed by DO command.
Syntax:
            DO <prgname>
Example:
             Do journal
When compile the executed file the FoxPro creates an object code program with .FXP extension. If there are any errors, creates a file an .ERR extension.
INPUT command
It is used to accept Numeric input from the user and store it into a memory variable.
Syntax:
            INPUT [<char exp>] TO <memvar>
Example:
Store 0 to eno
INPUT              "Enter your Enrollment No : " TO eno
? Eno
ACCEPT command
It is used to accept character input from the user and store it into a memory variable.
Syntax:
            ACCEPT [<char exp>] TO <memvar>
Example:
            Store space (15) to NAM
ACCEPT "Enter the Name: " to NAM
? "Entered name:” NAM
Example 2
clear
SET TALK OFF
Accept  "Enter your nane :" to nam
Input "enter your Age  : " to age
Accept " enter your city  :" to cit
Accept "Enter your Mail id  : " to mail
? "******************************************"
? "NAME  ::  " ,nam
? "AGE      ::  " ,age
? "CITY     ::   " ,cit
? "MAIL ID::  " ,mail
? "******************************************"

Setting/restoring the environment
         Every FoxPro program includes all commands required to establish the working environment and restore it to its prior state before the program terminates execution. This is achieved by issuing some set.
Set notify on/off
            Enables the display of certain system messages.
Set talk window
            Directors the display of system messages to an user-defined window instead of the system window. Sets notify should be ON.
Set deleted on/off
            Processes records marked for deletion.

Input and output in foxpro
          As we already know that data can be entered into tables through the APPEND/BROWSE commands. Data entry for tables can also be done through programs. There arises a need to display and accept information in a formatted way.
          The @…say command is used to place data at a particular screen location and to display data stored in fields or memory variables. The @…get commands is used to retrieve data.
Displaying data
@…say command: -
Syntax: -
@<Row, columns>SAY<expr>
[Function<exprC1>]
[Picture<expr2>]
[size<exprn],<exprn2>]
[font<exprC3>[,<exprN3]]
[STYLE, exprC4>]
Example:-
            @2, 10 say “hello welcome to FoxPro”

Syntax:
Input
@row,column | say <char_exp> get <mem_var>
Output
@row ,column | say <char_exp> get <mem_var>

Clear
@row, column to row, column clear
Clear all

Ex
            @5, 5 clear to 20, 20

Box Command
                        @row1, column1 to row2, column 2
Picture clause
PICTURE clause is used to control of display or the information to be accepted.
  @..SAY...GETS PICTURE CODES:
    A       -       Allows only alphabets
                9        -       Allows only digits, signs for numeric data
                N       -       Allows Letters and Digits
                #       -       Allows Only Digits, Blanks and Signs
                X       -       Allows any Character
                L       -       Allows any Logical Data T, t, F, f, Y, y, N, n
                Y       -       Allows Only Y, y, N, n
                !       -       Converts letters into uppercase.
                *       -       Displays asterisk in place of leading zeros.
                ,       -       Display the comma
                .       -       Display the decimal Point.
Function Clause
You can include the function clause, the picture clause or both to control how<expr> is displayed or printed. A function clause affects the entire expression. It contains only the following function code.
Function code & Purpose
B Left – justifies numeric data within the display region.
Example:
Clear
Store 2750 to num
@5,20 say num
@6,20 say num function “B”
C Cr is displayed after a positive number to indicate a credit. Can be used with numeric data only.
Example:-
Clear
Store 15432.00 to amt
@5,20 say amt
@6,20 say amt function “c”
D Uses the current set DATE format.
Example:-
Clear
Store 230801 to num
Store “foxproprograming” to tit
@5,20 say num function “D”
@6,20 say tit function “D”
E Edits date type data as British date
Example:-
Clear
Store 230904 to num
@6,20 say num function “E”
T Trim leading and trailing blanks from<expr>
Example:-
Clear
@5,20 ”fox” to tit
@6,20 say tit function “T”
X DB is displayed after negative numbers to indicate a debit. used only with numberic data.
Example:-
Clear
Store -15432.00 to amt
@5,20 say amt
@6,20 say amt function “X”

Z <expr> is displayed as all blanks if its numeric
value is 0. used only with numeric data.
Example:
Clear
Store o to amt
@5,20 say amt
@6,20 say amt function “z”

( Encloses negative numbers in parentheses. Used only with numeric data.
Example:-
Clear
Store –755 to amt
@5,20 say amt
@6,20 say amt function “(“

! Converts alphabetic characters to upper-case used with character data-only
Example:-
Clear
Store “foxpro programming” to tit
@6,20 say tit function “!”

^ Displays numeric data using scientific notation. Used with numeric data only.
Example:-
Clear
Store 75815 to amt
@6,20 say amt function “^”

$
Displays data in currently format. the currency symbol appears before or after the field value depending on the current setting of set currency. used with numeric data only.
Example:-
Clear
Store 75815 to amt
@6,20 say amt function “$”
Picture expression can include the following characters:-

X Allows any character.

Y Allows logical Y, y, N and n only. Converts y and n to Y and N, respectively.
! Displays the current currency symbol specified by set currency. By default, the symbol is placed immediately before or after the field.
* Asterisks are displayed in front of the numeric value. Use with a dollar sign $ for check protection.
. A decimal point specifies the decimal point position.
, A comma is used to specifies digits to the left of the decimal point.

Control Structures
IF statement
If Condition is True Executed and then False Not Executed.
Syntax
If (condition) then
Statement-1
End if
Example
clear
mark =0
@5,5 say " Enter the Mark : " get mark RANGE 0,100
Read
If mark >=40 Then
@10,10 say " You have PASS"
Endif

If….else….endif:-
The commands between if…..end if will be executed only if condition is satisfied, otherwise the next statement is executed. For every if there must be an end if. Every is matched with the nearest unmatched if.
Syntax:-
If<condition>
<Command sequence-1>
Else
<Command sequence-2>
End if

Command sequence –1 will be executed if a condition is true, if condition is false command sequence-2 will be executed. Control falls to the next statement in either case, if program I still in execution.

Example 2
clear
Store 0 to x,y
@5, 5 say " Enter the First value: " get x
@7,5 say " Enter the Second value: " get y
Read
IF x > y Then
@10, 10 say str(x) + “is Greater than” + ltrim (str(y))
Else
@10, 10 say str(x) + " is lesser than " + ltrim (str(y))
Endif
Example 3
clear
Store space(1) to x,ch
@5, 5 say " Enter any Alphabet: " get x
Read
ch =chr(asc(x) +32) && To convert Upper into Lower
IF ch="a" .or. ch="e" .or. ch="i" .or. ch="o" .or. ch="u" then
@10,10 say ch + " is a VOWEL "
Else
@10,10 say ch + " is a CONSONANT"
Endif

NESTED IF: (IF within IF)
clear
store 0 to x,y,z
@5,5 say " Enter No1 : " get x
@7,5 say " Enter No2 : " get y
@9,5 say " Enter No3 : " get z
Read
If x > y then
IF x>z then
@ 15,5 say " X is Greater than y and z"
Else
@15,5 say "X is Greater than Y and Lesser than Z"
Endif
Else
IF Y>Z then
@ 15,5 say " Y is Greater than X and Z"
Else
@15,5 say "Y is Greater than X but not Z"
Endif
Endif
DO CASE
Case Commands are used to check for a specified condition
Syntax:
DO Case
Case <variable> = <value>
Statement -1
Case <variable> = <value>
Statement -2
Otheriwse
Statement -3
End Case
Example:
clear
store 0 to day
@5,5 say " Enter any number from 1 to 7 " get day
Read
            DO CASE
                        case day = 1
                        @10,10 say "SUNDAY"
                        case day = 2
                        @10,10 say "MONDAY"
                        case day = 3
                        @10,10 say "TUESDAY"
                        case day = 4
                        @10,10 say "WEDNESDAY"
                        case day = 5
                        @10,10 say "THURSDAY"
                        case day = 6
                        @10,10 say "FRIDAY"
                        case day = 7
                        @10,10 say "SATURDAY"
                        OTHERWISE
                        @10,10 SAy "Invalid Input"

EndCase
FOR LOOP

To repeatedly execute a series of lines in a Program.
The lines of code b/w FOR and ENDOFR will be executed until the memory variable is equal to the final condition specified.
Default STEP value is 1.

Syntax
FOR <memvar> = <initial value> TO <final value> STEP <no>
................
................
ENDFOR
Example: 1
CLEAR
FOR I = 1 TO 10
? I
EndFor
Example: 2
To print the EVEN nos from 2 to 50
CLEAR
FOR I = 2 TO 50 STEP 2
? I
EndFor

This is an example of simple navigation menu programming in Foxpro 2.6


set talk off
set stat off
set scor off
set cent on
set date brit
do whil .t.
   clea
   @5,20 to 19,45 doub
   @6,25 say "MAIN MENU"
   @7,21 to 7,44 doub
   k=0
   @ 9,25 prompt "DATA ENTRY"
   @11,25 prompt "REPORT PRINTING"
   @13,25 prompt "PROCESS"
   @15,25 prompt "EXIT"
   @17,25 prompt "QUIT to SYSTEM"
   menu to k
   do case
      case k=1
           do dataent
      case k=2
           do repoprn
      case k=3
*           do proces
      case k=4
           exit
      case k=5
           clos all
           clea all
           quit
      otherwise
           loop
   endcase
enddo                            
clos all
clea all
 
 
 
proce dataent
do whil .t.
   clea
   @5,20 to 19,55 doub
   @6,30 say "DATA ENTRY MENU"
   @7,21 to 7,54
   k1=0
   @ 9,25 prompt "1. STUDENT"
   @11,25 prompt "2. STAFF"
   @13,25 prompt "3. FEES "
   @15,25 prompt "4. COURSES"
   @17,25 prompt "RETURN TO MAINMENU"
   menu to k1
   do case 
      case k1=1
           do stud
      case k1=2
           do staff
      case k1=3
           do fees
      case k1=4
           do course
      case k1=5
           exit     
      otherwise
           loop     
   endcase
enddo 
clos all  
return
 
proce repoprn
do whil .t.
   clea
   @5,20 to 19,55 doub
   @6,30 say "REPORT MENU"
   @7,21 to 7,54
   k1=0
   @ 9,25 prompt "Report 1"
   @11,25 prompt "Report 2"
   @13,25 prompt "Report 3"
   @15,25 prompt "Report 4"
   @17,25 prompt "Return to Mainmenu"
   menu to k2
   do case 
      case k2=1
           do fmainprn
      case k2=2
           do fothrprn
      case k2=3
           do mainprn
      case k2=4
           do othrprn
      case k2=5
           exit     
      otherwise
           loop     
   endcase
enddo 
clos all  
return

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CLEA

clea all

set talk off

use jour1

reply = "y"

GO BOTTOM

DO WHILE UPPER(REPLY) = "Y"

STORE 0 TO CRE, DEB

STORE SPACE(10) TO P1, P2

STORE SPACE(15) TO NR

STORE CTOD(" / / ") TO DATE1

@4,10 SAY [DATE :] GET DATE1

@6,10 SAY [PARTICULAR1 :] GET P1

@6,45 SAY [DEBIT :] GET DEB

@8,10 SAY [PARTICULAR2 :] GET P2

@8,45 SAY [CREDIT :] GET CRE

@12,10 SAY [NARRATION :] GET NR

READ

APPEND BLANK

@18,10 SAY [DO U CONTINUE(Y/N)?] GET REPLY

READ

REPL DATE WITH DATE1

REPL PART1 WITH P1

REPL PART2 WITH P2

REPL NAR WITH NR

REPL DEBIT WITH DEB

REPL CREDIT WITH CRE

ENDDO

CLEAR

SET DEVI TO SCRE

SET PRINT ON

SET PRIN TO RESUME1.OUT

@2,30 SAY "JOURNAL ENTRIES"

@3,0 SAY REPLICATE ("-",75)

@4,5 SAY "DATE"

@4,18 SAY "PARTICULARS"

@4,48 SAY "DEBIT"

@4,58 SAY "CREDIT"

@5,0 SAY REPLICATE ("-",75)

GO TOP

ROW = 6

DO WHILE .NOT. EOF()

@ROW,6 SAY DATE

@ROW,19 SAY PART1 +[ DR]

@ROW+1,19 SAY [TO ]+PART2

@ROW+2,19 SAY [ (BEING ] +NAR+ [)]

@ROW,45 SAY DEBIT

@ROW+1, 55 SAY CREDIT

IF ROW >18

WAIT ""

@6,0 CLEAR

ROW = 6

ELSE

ROW = ROW + 3

ENDIF

SKIP

ENDDO

SET DEVI TO SCRE

SET PRIN TO

SET PRIN OFF

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clear

clea all

set talk off

use jour1

store space(15) to acname

store 0 to r,p, ds, cs, br, bl, mamt

@10,10 say "Account Name" get acname

read

clear

set devi to scre

set print on

set print to ledger.out

@2,2 say replicate("-",75)

@3,3 say "Date"

@3,13 say "Particulars"

@3,28 say "Amount"

@3,41 say "Date"

@3,52 say "Particulars"

@3,67 say "Amount"

@4,2 say replicate("-",75)

@5,28 say [Ledger for ] + alltrim(acname)

@6,28 say "-------------------"

r = 7

p = 7

do while .not. eof()

scan for upper(part1) = upper(alltrim(acname))

@r,2 say date

@r,11 say "To " + part2

@r,26 say credit

ds = ds + credit

r = r+1

endscan

scan for upper(part2) = upper(alltrim(acname))

@p,40 say date

@p,50 say "By " + part1

@p,65 say debit

cs = cs + debit

p = p+1

endscan

enddo

if p>r

br = p

else

br = r

endif

if cs > ds

bl = cs - ds

mamt = cs

@r+1,11 say "To bal b/d"

@r+1,26 say bl

@br+5,50 say "By Bal c/d"

@br+5,65 say bl

else

bl = ds - cs

mamt = ds

@p+1, 50 say "By bal c/d"

@p+1, 66 say bl

@br+5,11 say "To Bal b/d"

@br+5,26 say bl

endif

@br+2,26 say "------------"

@br+2,66 say "------------"

@br+3,26 say mamt

@br+3,66 say mamt

@br+4,26 say "------------"

@br+4,66 say "------------"

@br+6,2 say replicate("-",75)

set devi to scre

set print to

set print off

return

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clear

clear all

set talk off

store space(1) to reply

@3,5 say "Do you continue?" get reply

read

use trial.dbf

store space(20) to p

store 0 to cr, db, sno

do while upper(reply)="Y"

clear

@4,10 say [SlNo] get sno

@6,10 say [Particular] get p

@8,10 say [Debit] get db

@10,10 say [Credit] get cr

read

append blank

repl slno with sno

repl part with p

repl debit with db

repl credit with cr

@18,10 say [Do continue?] get reply

read

clear

enddo

set print on

set print to trial.out

@2,30 say "Trial Balance"

@3,2 say replicate("-",75)

@4,2 say "S.No."

@4,13 say "A/c Name"

@4,28 say "Debit Rs"

@4,42 say "Credit Rs"

@5,1 say repl("-",75)

store 0 to cs, ds, sus, l

l = 6

do while .not. eof()

@l,2 say SLNO

@l,7 say part

@l,22 say debit

@l,35 say credit

if l >18

wait ""

@6,0 clear

l = 6

else

l = l + 1

endif

cs = cs + credit

ds = ds + debit

skip

enddo

if cs > ds

sus = cs - ds

@l,7 say "Suspense A/c"

@l,22 say sus

else

if ds > cs

sus = ds - cs

cs = ds

@l,7 say "Suspense A/c"

@l,35 say sus

endif

endif

@l+1,21 say "---------------"

@l+1,34 say "---------------"

@l+3,21 say "---------------"

@l+3,34 say "---------------"

@l+2,22 say cs

@l+2,35 say cs

set print off

set print to

return

FOX PRO 2.6 LEARNING training

Sunday, November 17, 2013

Fox-pro Programming 2.6

Foxpro for MS-DOS - Basic FoxPro 2.6 Commands
with Ayaz Ahmed Leghari
D.G.Khan Ph:0336-7000314

1. TO OPEN A DATABASE:

2.TO CLOSE THE DATABASE:

3. To CREATE NEW DATABASE:

4. To Modify Structure of the Database:

5. To add new records in database

6. To display the records in the current database

7. To Display the structure of the database:

8. To display the status of the set commands:

9. To display the status of the system memory variables.

10. To view the status bar

11. To edit records

12. To delete records

13. To delete all the records in the current database

14. Navigation with Records

15. To List the records

16. To view the records as manipulatable view

17. To display current record number

18. To display the dbf files in the current directory

19. Hide or Show heading in list view

20. Printing

21. Handling date and date format

22. Replace command

23. Blank

Input and Output Statements in Foxpro

Control Structures in Foxpro

Simple Journal Entry program

Simple Ledger creation & Posting Program

Trial Balance Program

Sunday, November 17, 2013

Fox-pro Programming 2.6

Foxpro for MS-DOS - Basic FoxPro 2.6 Commandswith Ayaz Ahmed LeghariD.G.Khan Ph:0336-7000314

1. TO OPEN A DATABASE:

2.TO CLOSE THE DATABASE:

3. To CREATE NEW DATABASE:

4. To Modify Structure of the Database:

5. To add new records in database

6. To display the records in the current database

7. To Display the structure of the database:

8. To display the status of the set commands:

9. To display the status of the system memory variables.

10. To view the status bar

11. To edit records

12. To delete records

13. To delete all the records in the current database

14. Navigation with Records

15. To List the records

16. To view the records as manipulatable view

17. To display current record number

18. To display the dbf files in the current directory

19. Hide or Show heading in list view

20. Printing

21. Handling date and date format

22. Replace command

23. Blank

Input and Output Statements in Foxpro

Control Structures in Foxpro

Simple Journal Entry program

Simple Ledger creation & Posting Program

Trial Balance Program

Foxpro for MS-DOS - Basic FoxPro 2.6 Commands
with Ayaz Ahmed Leghari
D.G.Khan Ph:0336-7000314